Throttle

Rate limit logs passing through a topology

status: stable egress: stream state: stateful
Rate limits one or more log streams to limit load on downstream services, or to enforce usage quotas on users.

Configuration

Example configurations

{
  "transforms": {
    "my_transform_id": {
      "type": "throttle",
      "inputs": [
        "my-source-or-transform-id"
      ]
    }
  }
}
[transforms.my_transform_id]
type = "throttle"
inputs = [ "my-source-or-transform-id" ]
transforms:
  my_transform_id:
    type: throttle
    inputs:
      - my-source-or-transform-id
{
  "transforms": {
    "my_transform_id": {
      "type": "throttle",
      "inputs": [
        "my-source-or-transform-id"
      ],
      "key_field": "{{ message }}"
    }
  }
}
[transforms.my_transform_id]
type = "throttle"
inputs = [ "my-source-or-transform-id" ]
key_field = "{{ message }}"
transforms:
  my_transform_id:
    type: throttle
    inputs:
      - my-source-or-transform-id
    key_field: "{{ message }}"

exclude

optional condition
A logical condition used to exclude events from sampling.

exclude.source

The text of the condition. The syntax of the condition depends on the value of type.

exclude.type

The type of condition to supply. See Available syntaxes below for a list of available types for this transform.

Available syntaxes

SyntaxDescriptionExample
vrlA Vector Remap Language (VRL) Boolean expression..status_code != 200 && !includes(["info", "debug"], .severity)
datadog_searchA Datadog Search query string.*stack
is_logWhether the incoming event is a log.
is_metricWhether the incoming event is a metric.
is_traceWhether the incoming event is a trace.

Shorthand for VRL

If you opt for the vrl syntax for this condition, you can set the condition as a string via the condition parameter, without needing to specify both a source and a type. The table below shows some examples:

Config formatExample
YAMLcondition: .status == 200
TOMLcondition = ".status == 200"
JSON"condition": ".status == 200"

Condition config examples

Standard VRL

exclude:
  type: "vrl"
  source: ".status == 500"
exclude = { type = "vrl", source = ".status == 500" }
"exclude": {
  "type": "vrl",
  "source": ".status == 500"
}
exclude:
  type: "datadog_search"
  source: "*stack"
exclude = { type = "datadog_search", source = "*stack" }
"exclude": {
  "type": "datadog_search",
  "source": "*stack"
}

VRL shorthand

exclude: ".status == 500"
exclude = ".status == 500"
"exclude": ".status == 500"

inputs

required [string]

A list of upstream source or transform IDs.

Wildcards (*) are supported.

See configuration for more info.

Array string literal
Examples
[
  "my-source-or-transform-id",
  "prefix-*"
]

internal_metrics

optional object
Configuration of internal metrics for the Throttle transform.

Whether or not to emit the events_discarded_total internal metric with the key tag.

If true, the counter will be incremented for each discarded event, including the key value associated with the discarded event. If false, the counter will not be emitted. Instead, the number of discarded events can be seen through the component_discarded_events_total internal metric.

Note that this defaults to false because the key tag has potentially unbounded cardinality. Only set this to true if you know that the number of unique keys is bounded.

default: false

key_field

optional string template

The value to group events into separate buckets to be rate limited independently.

If left unspecified, or if the event doesn’t have key_field, then the event is not rate limited separately.

Note: This parameter supports Vector's template syntax, which enables you to use dynamic per-event values.
Examples
"{{ message }}"
"{{ hostname }}"

threshold

required uint

The number of events allowed for a given bucket per configured window_secs.

Each unique key has its own threshold.

window_secs

required float
The time window in which the configured threshold is applied, in seconds.

Outputs

<component_id>

Default output stream of the component. Use this component’s ID as an input to downstream transforms and sinks.

Telemetry

Metrics

link

component_discarded_events_total

counter
The number of events dropped by this component.
component_id
The Vector component ID.
component_kind
The Vector component kind.
component_type
The Vector component type.
host optional
The hostname of the system Vector is running on.
intentional
True if the events were discarded intentionally, like a filter transform, or false if due to an error.
pid optional
The process ID of the Vector instance.

component_errors_total

counter
The total number of errors encountered by this component.
component_id
The Vector component ID.
component_kind
The Vector component kind.
component_type
The Vector component type.
error_type
The type of the error
host optional
The hostname of the system Vector is running on.
pid optional
The process ID of the Vector instance.
stage
The stage within the component at which the error occurred.

component_received_event_bytes_total

counter
The number of event bytes accepted by this component either from tagged origins like file and uri, or cumulatively from other origins.
component_id
The Vector component ID.
component_kind
The Vector component kind.
component_type
The Vector component type.
container_name optional
The name of the container from which the data originated.
file optional
The file from which the data originated.
host optional
The hostname of the system Vector is running on.
mode optional
The connection mode used by the component.
peer_addr optional
The IP from which the data originated.
peer_path optional
The pathname from which the data originated.
pid optional
The process ID of the Vector instance.
pod_name optional
The name of the pod from which the data originated.
uri optional
The sanitized URI from which the data originated.

component_received_events_count

histogram

A histogram of the number of events passed in each internal batch in Vector’s internal topology.

Note that this is separate than sink-level batching. It is mostly useful for low level debugging performance issues in Vector due to small internal batches.

component_id
The Vector component ID.
component_kind
The Vector component kind.
component_type
The Vector component type.
container_name optional
The name of the container from which the data originated.
file optional
The file from which the data originated.
host optional
The hostname of the system Vector is running on.
mode optional
The connection mode used by the component.
peer_addr optional
The IP from which the data originated.
peer_path optional
The pathname from which the data originated.
pid optional
The process ID of the Vector instance.
pod_name optional
The name of the pod from which the data originated.
uri optional
The sanitized URI from which the data originated.

component_received_events_total

counter
The number of events accepted by this component either from tagged origins like file and uri, or cumulatively from other origins.
component_id
The Vector component ID.
component_kind
The Vector component kind.
component_type
The Vector component type.
container_name optional
The name of the container from which the data originated.
file optional
The file from which the data originated.
host optional
The hostname of the system Vector is running on.
mode optional
The connection mode used by the component.
peer_addr optional
The IP from which the data originated.
peer_path optional
The pathname from which the data originated.
pid optional
The process ID of the Vector instance.
pod_name optional
The name of the pod from which the data originated.
uri optional
The sanitized URI from which the data originated.

component_sent_event_bytes_total

counter
The total number of event bytes emitted by this component.
component_id
The Vector component ID.
component_kind
The Vector component kind.
component_type
The Vector component type.
host optional
The hostname of the system Vector is running on.
output optional
The specific output of the component.
pid optional
The process ID of the Vector instance.

component_sent_events_total

counter
The total number of events emitted by this component.
component_id
The Vector component ID.
component_kind
The Vector component kind.
component_type
The Vector component type.
host optional
The hostname of the system Vector is running on.
output optional
The specific output of the component.
pid optional
The process ID of the Vector instance.

events_discarded_total

counter
The total number of events discarded by this component.
host optional
The hostname of the system Vector is running on.
pid optional
The process ID of the Vector instance.
reason
The type of the error

utilization

gauge
A ratio from 0 to 1 of the load on a component. A value of 0 would indicate a completely idle component that is simply waiting for input. A value of 1 would indicate a that is never idle. This value is updated every 5 seconds.
component_id
The Vector component ID.
component_kind
The Vector component kind.
component_type
The Vector component type.
host optional
The hostname of the system Vector is running on.
pid optional
The process ID of the Vector instance.

Examples

Rate limiting

Given this event...
[{"log":{"host":"host-1.hostname.com","message":"First message","timestamp":"2020-10-07T12:33:21.223543Z"}},{"log":{"host":"host-1.hostname.com","message":"Second message","timestamp":"2020-10-07T12:33:21.223543Z"}}]
...and this configuration...
transforms:
  my_transform_id:
    type: throttle
    inputs:
      - my-source-or-transform-id
    threshold: 1
    window_secs: 60
[transforms.my_transform_id]
type = "throttle"
inputs = [ "my-source-or-transform-id" ]
threshold = 1
window_secs = 60
{
  "transforms": {
    "my_transform_id": {
      "type": "throttle",
      "inputs": [
        "my-source-or-transform-id"
      ],
      "threshold": 1,
      "window_secs": 60
    }
  }
}
...this Vector event is produced:
[{"log":{"host":"host-1.hostname.com","message":"First message","timestamp":"2020-10-07T12:33:21.223543Z"}}]

How it works

Rate Limiting

The throttle transform will spread load across the configured window_secs, ensuring that each bucket’s throughput averages out to the threshold per window_secs. It utilizes a Generic Cell Rate Algorithm to rate limit the event stream.

Buckets

The throttle transform buckets events into rate limiters based on the provided key_field, or a single bucket if not provided. Each bucket is rate limited separately.

Quotas

Rate limiters use “cells” to determine if there is sufficient capacity for an event to successfully pass through a rate limiter. Each event passing through the transform consumes an available cell, if there is no available cell the event will be rate limited.

A rate limiter is created with a maximum number of cells equal to the threshold, and cells replenish at a rate of window_secs divided by threshold. For example, a window_secs of 60 with a threshold of 10 replenishes a cell every 6 seconds and allows a burst of up to 10 events.

Rate Limited Events

The rate limiter will allow up to threshold number of events through and drop any further events for that particular bucket when the rate limiter is at capacity. Any event passed when the rate limiter is at capacity will be discarded and tracked by an events_discarded_total metric tagged by the bucket’s key.

State

This component is stateful, meaning its behavior changes based on previous inputs (events). State is not preserved across restarts, therefore state-dependent behavior will reset between restarts and depend on the inputs (events) received since the most recent restart.